What does the S stand for on the badge?
Correct. This is Ferrari 101. the horse on the badge was given to Enzo by Countess Baracca, for luck, he put it on a yellow field. the rectangular badge came after when he made is first cars. the "scudetto" shield was used to ID Ferrari's Alfa Romeos....
Actually the real reason is that he ri[ped off the badge from Porsche and the city of Stutgart and the letters mean Stud Farm which is what Stutgart means.