http://www.m-99.co.uk/Superchips_Alternative/Ferrari_Mod_Chip_-_More_Power_/ferrari_mod_chip_-_more_power_.html The device corrupts the signal coming from the air flow sensor (probably by pretending, that the air temperature is lower, so the ECU will add more fuel).
This is a bridge consisting of 3 or 4 resistors. It fools (not corrupts) the ECU into thinking more air is going through the engine, and then the ECU increases the injector timing to match. However, the oxygen sensor will catch the rich condition and retrain the engine ECU back into normal operating conditions. Only under WOT operation does this have a long term effect.